Does Breastfeeding Break Wudu Hanafi? Spiritual Inquiries!

Breastfeeding does not break Wudu according to the Hanafi doctrine. In Islam, breastfeeding does not invalidate the ritual ablution.

Breastfeeding and its relation to Wudu is an important topic of discussion in Islamic jurisprudence. The Hanafi school of thought states that breastfeeding does not nullify Wudu, the ritualistic ablution.

This means that a woman who is breastfeeding her child can perform prayers without the need to repeat Wudu after each breastfeeding session.

However, it is essential to note that this ruling is specific to the Hanafi school, and other schools of thought may have different interpretations on this matter.

Understanding the intricacies of such rulings is crucial for Muslims to prioritize their spiritual practices while fulfilling their parental responsibilities.

Understanding The Hanafi Perspective On Wudu And Its Requirements

The Hanafi perspective on breastfeeding and its impact on wudu, or ritual ablution, is essential to understanding the requirements of maintaining purity in Islamic practice.

This article delves into the specific guidelines and considerations surrounding this topic, shedding light on its significance for Hanafi followers.

Overview Of Wudu In The Hanafi School

Wudu, the ritual purification before prayer, holds great importance in Islam. Each of the four major Sunni schools of thought has its own specific guidelines on what constitutes a valid Wudu.

In this blog post, we will focus on the Hanafi perspective and explore the key components required for a valid Wudu according to Hanafi scholars.

Let’s delve into the details.

The Key Components Of A Valid Wudu According To Hanafi Scholars

The Hanafi school of thought has outlined specific requirements that must be fulfilled for a Wudu to be considered valid. These components include:

Intention (Niyyah): The intention to perform Wudu for the sake of purifying oneself and preparing for prayer is crucial. It should be made from the heart without uttering any words.

Washing the face (Mughassal): The Hanafi scholars mandate that the entire face, from the hairline to the bottom of the chin and from ear to ear, must be thoroughly washed, including the mouth and nose. This cleansing action ensures that all impurities are removed.

Washing the hands and forearms (Madiyah): The Hanafi school requires the washing of both hands and forearms up to the elbows. Starting from the fingertips, each hand and forearm must be washed thoroughly, ensuring that water reaches every part.

Wiping the head (Masah): Hanafi scholars emphasize wiping a quarter of the head, beginning from the top of the forehead and moving towards the back. It is essential to use wet hands for this action.

Wiping the feet (Mash): Lastly, the Hanafi school requires the wiping of both feet. Beginning from the toes, move your wet hands upwards, wiping a minimum of three toes. The heel must also be wiped, ensuring complete coverage.

Remember, each component of Wudu described here should be performed in sequential order, without any prolonged gaps, and with the intention of worshiping Allah (SWT). Maintaining the purity of the heart and sincerity of intention is just as important as following the external actions.

As we can see, the Hanafi school offers clear guidelines on the key components of a valid Wudu. By understanding and adhering to these requirements, Muslims can fulfill this essential act of purification before entering into the state of prayer.

May our intentions be pure, and our Wudu be accepted by the Almighty.

The Role Of Physical Impurities In Breaking Wudu In Hanafi Fiqh

Breastfeeding is considered a physical impurity in Hanafi Fiqh and can break Wudu according to this school of thought.

Breastfeeding in relation to Wudu (Ablution) is a topic that sparks curiosity among followers of the Hanafi school of thought in Islamic Jurisprudence. While there are specific actions that invalidate Wudu in the Hanafi school, it is essential to understand the concept of physical impurities within Islamic Jurisprudence to explore the relevance of breastfeeding and its impact on Wudu.

Let’s delve into the intricacies of this subject matter by understanding the interpretation of the Hanafi scholars and their viewpoint on breastfeeding and Wudu.

Exploring The Concept Of Physical Impurities In Islamic Jurisprudence:

Physical impurities, known as Najasah in Islamic Jurisprudence, refer to substances that are considered ritually impure and should be avoided during acts of worship.

Islamic Jurisprudence categorizes Najasah into two types, Inherent impurities (such as urine or feces) and incidental impurities (such as blood, vomit, or any substance discharged from the body).

In Hanafi Fiqh, physical impurities are considered to break the state of purity (Taharah) and invalidate Wudu, necessitating its renewal before performing certain acts of worship, including Salah (prayer).

Understanding The Specific Actions That Invalidate Wudu In The Hanafi School:

In the Hanafi school of thought, specific actions are recognized as major or nullifying impurities, causing the immediate nullification of Wudu. These actions include:

Urination and defecation.
Passing of wind from the front or rear.
Deep sleep where one loses consciousness completely.
Eating camel meat.
Touching the private parts directly without a barrier.
Sexual intercourse or orgasm caused by intimate contact.

Examining The Hanafi Interpretation Of The Relevance Of Breastfeeding In Relation To Wudu:

Hanafi scholars hold differing views on whether breastfeeding breaks Wudu or not.

Some scholars argue that breastfeeding does not break Wudu, as it is a natural act that does not involve the passage of any impurity.

Others maintain that breastfeeding does break Wudu due to the potential presence of saliva or other substances that may come into contact with the nipple.

Some scholars suggest that if one is confident that no impurity has come into contact with the nipple during breastfeeding, Wudu remains valid. However, if there is doubt about the presence of impurity, it is recommended to perform Wudu before engaging in acts of worship.

Remember, the interpretation of the Hanafi school on breastfeeding and Wudu may vary among scholars, so it is advisable to consult with a knowledgeable individual or an Islamic scholar for guidance in matters of religious practice.

Understanding the nuances of physical impurities and their effect on Wudu is crucial in ensuring the correctness of our worship in the Hanafi Fiqh.

The Debate Surrounding Breastfeeding And Wudu In The Hanafi School

Breastfeeding and wudu in the Hanafi School sparks debate on whether breastfeeding breaks wudu according to Hanafi scholars.

Breastfeeding is an integral part of many women’s lives and an essential way for them to nourish their babies. However, when it comes to matters of Islamic jurisprudence, the question of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu (ablution) in the Hanafi school of thought has sparked a lively debate among scholars.

We will delve into the interpretation of this issue and analyze the different opinions and arguments presented by Hanafi scholars. We will also explore the historical context and rationale behind the varying perspectives.

So, let’s demystify the interpretation of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu in Hanafi Fiqh.

Demystifying The Interpretation Of Whether Breastfeeding Breaks Wudu In Hanafi Fiqh

Breastfeeding as an act that nullifies wudu:

According to some Hanafi scholars, breastfeeding is considered an act that breaks wudu based on the interpretation of specific Hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him).

They argue that these Hadiths mention breastfeeding as one of the acts that invalidate ablution, along with other bodily emissions.

As a result, they believe that performing ablution becomes necessary after breastfeeding to resume ritual purity.

Breastfeeding as an act that dnullifies wudu:

On the other hand, other Hanafi scholars understand from the same Hadiths that breastfeeding does not break wudu.

They interpret the Hadiths as mentioning breastfeeding to indicate impurity, rather than nullifying ablution.

They argue that the impurity mentioned in the Hadiths refers to the need for cleansing the affected areas, not the nullification of ablution.

Analyzing The Different Opinions And Arguments Presented By Hanafi Scholars

Literal interpretation:

Some scholars emphasize a literal interpretation of the Hadiths, understanding breastfeeding as a nullifier of wudu due to its mention in the same context as other acts that break ablution.

They believe that following the explicit wordings of the Hadiths is crucial in understanding the ruling.

Contextual interpretation:

Other scholars adopt a contextual interpretation, taking into account the broader context of the Hadiths and the principles of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).

They argue that the purpose of these Hadiths is to address the issue of impurity that may occur during the act of breastfeeding rather than the nullification of ablution.

Discussing The Historical Context And Rationale Behind The Varying Perspectives

Historical context:

Islamic jurisprudence developed over centuries, with scholars interpreting and deriving rulings from the Quran, Hadiths, and the understanding of the early Muslim community.

Hanafi scholars have historically differed in their interpretations of various issues, resulting in different opinions within the school of thought.

Rationale behind different perspectives:

The varying perspectives on whether breastfeeding breaks wudu are the result of different methodologies used by Hanafi scholars in interpreting textual evidence.

Some scholars prioritize a strict literal approach, while others consider the broader context and objectives of Islamic law.

The question of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu in the Hanafi school of thought has led to diverse opinions and arguments among scholars. Some scholars argue that it nullifies ablution, while others believe it does not.

By considering the different interpretations and historical context, we can better understand the reasoning behind these varying perspectives.

Ultimately, it is important to seek knowledge from qualified scholars and follow the interpretation that resonates most with our understanding of Islamic teachings.

The Evolving Views On Breastfeeding And Wudu In Contemporary Hanafi Scholarship

Contemporary Hanafi scholarship has been discussing whether breastfeeding breaks wudu, highlighting evolving views on this topic.

Investigating The Evolution Of Hanafi Perspectives On Breastfeeding And Wudu

Breastfeeding plays a significant role in the lives of Muslim women, but what is the connection between breastfeeding and Wudu (ablution) according to Hanafi scholars? In this section, we will delve into the changing viewpoints regarding this matter and understand the factors that have influenced these shifts.

Over the years, Hanafi scholarship has witnessed an evolution in its perspectives on breastfeeding and Wudu. The understanding of these scholars has broadened as they have engaged with the complexities of the modern world.

Exploring Modern Interpretations And Scholarly Opinions On The Matter

To comprehend the varying viewpoints within modern Hanafi scholarship regarding breastfeeding and Wudu, we should examine the following key aspects:

Historical Context: Understanding the historical traditions that have shaped Hanafi perspectives on breastfeeding and Wudu.

Textual Analysis: Analyzing the texts and scriptures that have been central to Hanafi legal reasoning.

Cultural Influences: Recognizing the impact of cultural practices and norms on the interpretations of breastfeeding and Wudu.

Scientific Understanding: Incorporating scientific knowledge and medical advancements to inform the contemporary understanding of breastfeeding.

Contextual Considerations: Recognizing the importance of contextual factors in determining the applicability of specific rulings on breastfeeding and Wudu.

These factors have contributed to the emergence of diverse interpretations within modern Hanafi scholarship, bringing about nuanced understandings of the relationship between breastfeeding and Wudu.

Discussing The Factors That Have Influenced The Shifting Views

To better comprehend the changing perspectives within Hanafi scholarship, let us explore the factors that have influenced the evolution of views on breastfeeding and Wudu:

Women’s Empowerment: The acknowledgment of women’s rights and empowerment has led scholars to reassess the impact of breastfeeding on ritual purification. They strive to ensure that women are not burdened by unnecessary restrictions.

Social Realities: Recognizing the challenges faced by nursing mothers in today’s society, scholars have taken into account the practicalities and constraints that may impact the performance of Wudu.

Adapting to A Contemporary Lifestyle: The changing dynamics of modern life, technological advancements, and the increased participation of women in public spaces have raised questions regarding the applicability of traditional rulings.

Medical Insights: Scholars are incorporating medical insights into their understandings, considering factors such as the nutritional content of breast milk, the frequency of breastfeeding, and the mother’s well-being.

Individual Circumstances: Scholars are emphasizing the importance of individual circumstances when determining the requirements of Wudu in relation to breastfeeding. This approach recognizes that each person’s context may differ, necessitating flexibility in rulings.

By considering these factors, contemporary Hanafi scholars have striven to develop a more nuanced and contextual understanding of breastfeeding and its impact on Wudu.

As we have seen, Hanafi perspectives on breastfeeding and Wudu have evolved over time. It is important to engage with modern interpretations and scholarly opinions, taking into account the various factors that influence these shifting views.

This dynamic approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between breastfeeding and Wudu in light of contemporary realities.

Addressing Common Misconceptions And Misinterpretations About Breastfeeding And Wudu

Breastfeeding and wudu in the Hanafi school of thought is the common topic filled with misconceptions. Learn how to address the misunderstandings and misinterpretations surrounding this issue.

Debunking Popular Misconceptions About Breastfeeding And Wudu In The Hanafi School

Many misconceptions and misunderstandings surround the topic of breastfeeding and its impact on Wudu in the Hanafi school of thought. It is important to clarify these misconceptions to provide a balanced understanding of the issue.

Breastfeeding invalidates Wudu: This is a common misconception, as breastfeeding does not break Wudu according to the Hanafi school. It is essential to understand that breastfeeding does not fall under any category that breaks Wudu, such as the discharge of urine, feces, or flatulence.

Only the mother’s wudu is invalidated by breastfeeding: Some believe that only the mother’s Wudu is invalidated after breastfeeding, while the child remains in a state of purity.
However, this is not the case. The act of breastfeeding itself does not nullify the Wudu of either the mother or the child.

Intentional breastfeeding breaks Wudu: Another misconception is that intentional breastfeeding invalidates Wudu. However, the intention behind breastfeeding does not impact the validity of Wudu, as Wudu is only nullified by specific actions such as the discharge of bodily fluids.

Only breastfeeding during the first two years invalidates Wudu: Some misinterpretations suggest that breastfeeding only invalidates Wudu during the first two years of a child’s life. However, this is not supported by the Hanafi school of thought. According to Hanafi scholars, breastfeeding has no time limitation in regards to the validity of Wudu.

Clarifying Misunderstood Rulings And Interpretations Surrounding The Topic

To fully comprehend the rulings and interpretations surrounding breastfeeding and Wudu in the Hanafi school, it is crucial to clarify a few aspects:

Purity of the child after breastfeeding: Although breastfeeding does not invalidate the child’s Wudu, it is recommended to perform ablution (Wudu) for the child after breastfeeding, following the general practice of ablution before prayer.

Continuous breastfeeding: If a mother is continuously breastfeeding her child, meaning the child is solely dependent on breastfeeding for nourishment, the act of breastfeeding will not break the Wudu throughout the day. However, once breastfeeding stops or when the child starts consuming solid food or other liquids, the Wudu will need to be renewed.

Multiple feedings during one prayer: If a mother breastfeeds multiple times during one prayer period, the Wudu remains valid, and she does not have to renew it after each feeding. This is because the initial Wudu covers all subsequent acts of breastfeeding during that specific prayer time.

Minor impurity during breastfeeding: In case of minor impurities on the child’s mouth or the mother’s breast during breastfeeding, it is recommended to clean the impurity before breastfeeding. However, if this is not possible, it does not invalidate the Wudu or the act of breastfeeding.

Providing A Balanced Understanding Of The Complex Issues At Play

Addressing the common misconceptions and clarifying the misunderstood rulings is crucial in gaining a balanced understanding of the topic. It is important to remember that the rulings surrounding breastfeeding and Wudu in the Hanafi school are based on careful study and interpretation of religious texts.

The intention is to facilitate ease for individuals while observing their religious duties. However, it is always recommended to consult with a knowledgeable scholar for specific guidance in matters of Islamic jurisprudence.

Balancing Personal Convictions And Scholarly Opinions About Breastfeeding And Wudu

Breastfeeding and wudu in the Hanafi school of thought raise questions about balancing personal convictions and scholarly opinions. Is breastfeeding considered to break wudu according to Hanafi scholars?

Hanafi jurisprudence is one of the four major schools of Islamic law. Followers of the Hanafi school often have unique perspectives on matters related to faith and practice. When it comes to the topic of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu (ablution) in the Hanafi school, opinions can vary.

In this blog post, we will explore the delicate balance between personal convictions and scholarly opinions, discussing the importance of knowledge and seeking guidance in matters of faith.

Discussing The Importance Of Personal Convictions And Following Scholarly Opinions

Personal convictions play a pivotal role in shaping an individual’s religious practice.

One’s personal understanding and interpretation of religious texts can influence their adherence to specific rulings.

While it is essential to respect personal convictions, it is equally important to recognize the wisdom and knowledge of scholars who have dedicated their lives to studying Islamic jurisprudence.

Scholars provide guidance in understanding the complexities of religious matters and can help navigate through differing opinions within the Hanafi school.

Finding a balance between personal convictions and scholarly opinions allows individuals to adhere to the principles they genuinely believe in while remaining connected to the broader scholarly community.

Exploring The Individual’s Responsibility In Adhering To Specific Hanafi Rulings

As followers of the Hanafi school, individuals have a responsibility to seek knowledge about the relevant rulings and understand their implications.

It is crucial to remember that adherence to specific rulings is not simply a matter of personal preference but stems from a deep understanding of Hanafi jurisprudence.

The obligation to follow specific Hanafi rulings requires individuals to educate themselves and consult reputable scholars.

By engaging in continual learning and seeking guidance, individuals can acquire a better understanding of the reasoning behind rulings and make informed decisions about their personal practices.

Highlighting The Significance Of Knowledge And Seeking Guidance In Matters Of Faith

In matters of faith, knowledge holds immense value. By actively seeking knowledge, individuals can better understand the foundations of their beliefs and practices.

Recognizing the complexity of Hanafi jurisprudence, individuals should actively seek guidance from reputable scholars to clarify any doubts or ambiguities regarding specific rulings.

Consulting scholars helps individuals align their personal convictions with broader scholarly opinions, ensuring they remain faithful to their beliefs while upholding the principles of the Hanafi school.

The quest for knowledge and seeking guidance from experts fosters a sense of humility and continuous growth in matters of faith.

The issue of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu in the Hanafi school necessitates a delicate balance between personal convictions and scholarly opinions. While personal convictions shape an individual’s religious practice, it is essential to recognize the wisdom and knowledge of scholars.

Adherence to specific Hanafi rulings requires individuals to seek knowledge, consult scholars, and find harmony between personal beliefs and broader scholarly perspectives. By doing so, individuals can cultivate a deeper understanding of their faith and remain connected to a wider community of believers.

The Broader Implications Of The Breastfeeding And Wudu Debate

The Breastfeeding and Wudu debate raises important questions about whether breastfeeding breaks Wudu Hanafi. This discussion has broader implications on the understanding and practice of Islamic rituals and their compatibility with breastfeeding.

Examining The Impact Of Differing Interpretations On Breastfeeding Mothers Within The Hanafi Community

The Hanafi school of thought holds differing opinions on whether breastfeeding breaks wudu (ablution) or not.

Some scholars argue that breastfeeding does not invalidate wudu, while others believe it does.

This debate has significant implications for breastfeeding mothers within the Hanafi community.

Mothers face confusion and uncertainty regarding their wudu and the need to constantly repeat it.

The differing interpretations may lead to emotional and psychological stress for these mothers.

Breastfeeding mothers may feel burdened by additional religious responsibilities and find it challenging to fulfill their duties.

The debate affects the daily lives of Hanafi women, as they need to balance breastfeeding and maintaining wudu.

Mothers may struggle to freely engage in religious activities due to concerns about the validity of their wudu.

The impact of differing interpretations highlights the need for clarification and consensus within the Hanafi community.

It is crucial to address this issue to support breastfeeding mothers and ensure their religious obligations are clear.

Discussing The Potential Consequences Of Divisive Discussions On Religious Unity And Harmony

The ongoing debate on whether breastfeeding breaks wudu can lead to division within the Hanafi community.

Disagreements over religious matters can foster hostility, animosity, and fragmentation.

Divisive discussions may weaken the unity and harmony that are essential for a strong and cohesive community.

Individuals with differing opinions might isolate themselves from others who hold opposing views.

Discord among community members may hinder cooperation and collaboration on other important matters.

Instead of focusing on unity, energy and resources are wasted on disputes that could have been avoided.

Divisive discussions can create a negative perception of the Hanafi community among outsiders.

The reputation of the community may suffer, and it may become harder to attract new members or spread positive messages.

The potential consequences underscore the importance of promoting understanding and respectful dialogue within the Hanafi community.

Unity and harmony can be preserved through open-mindedness, empathy, and a collective commitment to finding common ground.

Considering The Role Of Dialogue And Understanding In Finding Common Ground

Engaging in dialogue is crucial to finding common ground on matters of religious interpretation.

Open and respectful conversations can bridge gaps, strengthen relationships, and foster understanding.

It is essential to listen to different perspectives and try to empathize with others’ viewpoints.

Finding mutually acceptable solutions requires compromise and the willingness to adapt.

Scholars and community leaders play a vital role in facilitating discussions and providing guidance.

Educating the Hanafi community about the varying interpretations and their implications can promote empathy and tolerance.

Encouraging a culture of understanding and respect can prevent divisive debates from escalating into conflicts.

Initiating dialogue platforms and educational programs can create spaces for constructive conversations.

Building a culture of inclusiveness and unity helps solidify the foundations of the Hanafi community.

Through dialogue and understanding, the Hanafi community can navigate sensitive topics, promoting peace and harmony.

In a world that is constantly evolving, it is important for religious communities to adapt and find common ground. The breastfeeding and wudu debate within the Hanafi community highlights the need for open dialogue, empathy, and understanding.

By addressing the impact of differing interpretations on breastfeeding mothers and considering the potential consequences of divisive discussions, the Hanafi community can work towards maintaining unity and harmony.

It is through respectful conversations and shared goals that the community can move forward together.

Practical Guidance For Hanafi Muslims

Practical guidance for Hanafi Muslims navigating the complexity of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu. Gain valuable insights and clarity on this topic.

Breastfeeding is a beautiful and natural act that holds significant importance in the lives of many Muslim women. However, it can also become a source of confusion and debate when it comes to the issue of wudu (ablution) in the Hanafi school of thought.

Navigating this complexity calls for practical guidance that respects diverse opinions while upholding personal beliefs.

Providing Practical Advice For Individuals Navigating The Breastfeeding And Wudu Debate Within The Hanafi School

Engage in open-minded conversations: Discuss the topic with knowledgeable scholars who can shed light on different perspectives and provide guidance based on the Hanafi school’s principles.

Seek personalized guidance: Each individual’s circumstances may vary, so it’s crucial to consult with a scholar who can take into account specific factors such as the age of the infant, the amount of breastfeeding, and any associated hygiene issues.

Follow the Hanafi principle of certainty: If there is certainty that breastfeeding breaks wudu in the Hanafi school, it is essential to renew the ablution before performing any ritual acts requiring it.

Consider using preventive measures: Explore options such as wearing a breastfeeding cover, using nursing pads, or having a small cloth on the baby’s mouth while breastfeeding to minimize the potential of contamination.

Keep personal hygiene in focus: Prioritize cleanliness by ensuring proper hand washing before and after breastfeeding, as well as maintaining good oral hygiene.

Offering Insights On Discussing The Topic With Scholars And Seeking Personalized Guidance

Respect scholarly authority: Approach the topic with humility and a willingness to learn from experts who have studied Islamic jurisprudence extensively.

Prepare for your discussion: Before talking to a scholar, research the Hanafi perspectives on the issue and come prepared with specific questions or concerns to make the most of the conversation.

Seek clarity on the evidences: Ask the scholar to provide the reasoning and evidence behind their stance on breastfeeding and wudu in the Hanafi school, ensuring a deeper understanding of the matter.

Be open to differences of opinion: Remember that Islamic jurisprudence allows for varying interpretations, so respect diverse opinions even if they differ from your own understanding.

Apply personalized guidance responsibly: After consulting with a scholar, adhere to the guidance provided to maintain your spiritual well-being while nurturing your child.

In navigating the breastfeeding and wudu debate within the Hanafi school, it is crucial to strike a balance between personal beliefs and respecting the diversity inherent within Islamic scholarship. Seek knowledge, engage in sincere discussions, and embrace the guidance offered to ensure a harmonious approach to this complex matter.

Remember, the ultimate goal is to nurture both your child and your spiritual connection with Allah.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is My Wudu Broken If I Breastfeed?

Breastfeeding does not break your wudu.

Is Breastfeeding Allowed In Islam Hanafi?

Breastfeeding is allowed in Islam Hanafi.

What Breaks Wudu Hanafi?

Breaking wudu Hanafi includes physical conditions like bleeding, passing wind, urination, defecation, and vomiting.

How Long Can You Breastfeed Girls In Islam?

Breastfeeding girls in Islam can be done until they reach the age of two.

Conclusion

After exploring the question of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu for followers of the Hanafi school of thought, it is clear that there is a difference of opinion among scholars. Some argue that breastfeeding does not nullify wudu unless there is actual evidence of impurity, while others insist that it does based on specific hadiths.

It is important for individuals to consult with knowledgeable scholars and refer to authoritative sources for a comprehensive understanding of this issue. Ultimately, it is up to each individual to make an informed decision based on their own beliefs and the guidance they receive.

It is essential to approach this topic with respect and open-mindedness, understanding that interpretations may vary and the goal is to strive for unity and understanding.

Overall, the question of whether breastfeeding breaks wudu in the Hanafi school does not have a definitive answer, and it is a matter that requires personal reflection and consultation with qualified scholars.